Cancer and work

Work-related cancer remains one of the most significant occupational health challenges in Europe and is the leading cause of work-related deaths in the EU. According to the European Code Against Cancer, work-related cancers account for around over 45% of all occupational deaths in the EU, representing more than 100,000 fatalities every year. At the same time, more people are living and working with cancer than ever before. However, working during cancer treatment or after recovery can be challenging and often requires flexible, supportive workplace accommodations.

Work-related cancer: a major occupational health challenge in Europe

Exposure to cancer risk factors at work is common. Findings from EU-OSHA’s Workers’ Exposure Survey indicate that nearly half of European workers have probably been exposed to at least one cancer risk factor during their last working week, including high-level and multiple exposures for certain activities.

While chemical agents remain the main cause of work-related cancer, they are not the only ones. Physical and organisational risk factors also play an important role. These include solar ultraviolet radiation, night work, and other factors linked to work organisation and working conditions. There is growing scientific interest in the potential cancer-related effects of endocrine disruptors (such as certain pesticides) and certain nanomaterials, for example Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes-7 (MWCNT-7).

EU action to prevent work-related cancer

In response to the scale of the problem, the European Union has taken action to better protect workers. Preventing exposure at source, improving risk management at the workplace, and raising awareness remain essential to protecting workers and reducing the burden of work-related cancer across Europe. Prevention of work-related cancer is a key objective of the EU Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work 2021–2027 and Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan.

A central legislative instrument is the Carcinogens, Mutagens and Reprotoxic substances Directive (CMRD). This Directive has been revised several times to reflect the latest scientific evidence. These measures are expected to significantly reduce future cases of work-related cancer and other serious health effects.