Pathophysiological mechanisms of musculoskeletal disorders

Introduction

The origin of most musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) lies in a mismatch between the external load and the capacity of the human body to resist biomechanical and physiological strain. Excessive forces can trigger different pathophysiological processes depending on the tissues affected. It is the magnitude, duration and frequency of loading as well as the time for recovery which determine the physiological effect. Different symptoms in different body sites will depend on how far the physiological processes have advanced. The capacity depends on individual factors such as body build and size, gender, age, and general health. However, loading is necessary in…