Information sources used in the preparation of this web feature

European Commission

• COM (2002) 118 final. Communication from the Commission. Adapting to change in work and society: a new community strategy on health and safety at work 2002 – 2006
• COM (2004) 146 final. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Increasing the employment of older workers and delaying the exit from the labour market.
• COM (2005) 94 final. Communication from the Commission. Green paper “confronting demographic change: a new solidarity between the generations. Brussels 2005
• Council Directive 89/391of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work, Official Journal n° L 183, 29.06.1989, p. 1.,
• Council Directive 90/269/EEC of 29 May 1990 on the minimum health and safety requirements for the manual handling of loads where there is a risk particularly of back injury to workers (fourth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive 89/391/EEC), Official Journal n° L 156, 21.06.1990, p. 9,
• Council of the European Union Presidency Conclusions of the Lisbon European Council March 2000

European agency for safety and health at work

The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work website at: http://osha.europa.eu contains a large amount of practical information on all aspects of health and safety at work, as well as linking to a wide range of health and safety information from Member States in all Community languages. All publications available at: http://osha.europa.eu/publications

• FACTS 12: Occupational Safety and Health and Employability: programmes, practices and experiences
• FACTS 13: Successful Management to Prevent Accidents
• FACTS 14 - Preventing Work-Related Slips Trips and Falls
• FACTS 31: Practical Advice for Workers on Tackling Work-related Stress
• FACTS 42: Gender issues in safety and health at work
• FACTS 53 - Ensuring the health and safety of workers with disabilities
• Proceedings from the 1999 Employability Conference of the European Agency for Safety and Health at work
• Report 205: Research on changing world of work (working paper)
• Report 305: Occupational safety and health and employability: programmes, practices and experiences
• Report 405: Data to describe the link between OSH and Employability (Working Paper)
• Preventing musculoskeletal disorders in practice
• Prevention of psychosocial risks and stress at work in practice
• Risk assessment in education
• The State of Occupational Safety and Health in the European Union – Pilot Study
• Prevention of accidents in practice
• Report 209: Gender issues in safety and health at work
• Report 314: Achieving better safety in construction

European foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions

Many items available from: http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/

• A guide to good practice in age management. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2006,
• Managing an Ageing Workforce: a guide to good practice, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 1998. ISBN 92-828-5585-6,
• Age and working conditions in the European Union European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2003,
• European Foundation for the Improvement of Working and Living Conditions. European survey on working conditions

Other material

• Accommodating changes to assist the ageing worker (Spirduso 1995 as cited in Illmarinen 1999; Green 2002) taken from Surveillance Alert - OHS and the Ageing Workforce, May 2005, Office of the Australian Safety and Compensation Council (OASCC), Australia.
• Buckle and David, 2000, “Defining the problem”, in: Magazine of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work – 3. Preventing Work-related Musculoskeletal disorders, 2000
• Canadian Centre for Occupational Safety and Health What are Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs)? 2005, at:
• Canadian Centre of Occupational Safety and Health OSH Answers: Aging workers
• Chaffin D. et al, 1999, Occupational Biomechanics”, NRC, 2001, Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace, National research Council and the Institute of Medicine, 2001
• Cutlip et al, 2006, Mechanisms of repetitive strain injury in an aging model, NORA Symposium 2006: Research Makes a Difference! April 18-26, 2006, Washington, DC. Washington, DC: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2006 Apr; 256-257
• Devereux et al, 2004, The role of stress and psychosocial work factors upon the development of musculoskeletal disorder,” Health and Safety Executive Research Report 273
• Easy Ergonomics: A Guide to Selecting Non-Powered Hand Tools Department of Industrial Relations National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. USA
• Effective Safety Training for an Aging Workforce Alma Jackson, Colorado Safety Works, Inc
• Envejecimiento y trabajo: audición y motricidad Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo (INSHT)
• Eurostat 2006 European Union Labour Force Survey, 1983-2005
• Eurostat, 1999 “Work related health problems and accidental injuries (ad hoc module of the 1999 Labour Force Survey)
• Flexibility the key for older workers, Office of Surface Mining, Department of the Interior, USA, 2003
• Gauthy, 2005. Musculoskeletal disorders: where we are, and where we could be
• Getty et al, 1996, The ergonomics of ageing as it applies to the changing workplace, First International Cyber-Space Conference on Ergonomics,
• Hight et al., 2004, Easy ergonomics: a guide to selecting non-powered hand tools NIOSH 2004 Aug; 1-14
• Hively J. 2005, Employment & Entrepreneurship: Vital Aging Network.
• How to Protect the Aging Work Force, Cynthia Roth, on Occupational Hazards, 2005
• HSL/2005/20 - Facts and misconceptions about age, health status, and employability Health and Safety Laboratory (UK) 2005,
• Ilmarinen 2006, Aging workers, Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• Ilmarinen, 1999, Ageing workers in the European Union – Status and promotion of work ability, employability and employment”, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 1999
• Kowalski-Trakofler et al, (2005), Safety considerations for the aging workforce, Safety Science 43 (2005) 779-793
• Kuorinka I. and Forcier L., 1995, WMSDs: A Reference Book for Prevention
• McMahan and Phillips, 1999, America’s aging workforce: ergonomic solutions for reducing risk of CTDs, American Journal of Health Studies 15 (4) 199-202
• Moyes and Coleman, 2004, Adaptation of the older worker to occupational challenges, Work 22 71-78
• Op De Beeck and Hermans, 2000Research on work-related low back disorders European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2000
• Plain language about shiftwork. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. USA 1997
• Research report 398: Review of key human factors involved in workplace transport accidents, Prepared by the Loughborough University Business School for the Health and Safety Executive, 2005
• Safety In An Aging Population Looked At As A Group Issue By The Employer and as an Individual Issue by The "Disability" Professional David M Goldojarb, Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, Inc. Workplace Accommodations: State of the Science Conference September 15-16, 2005, Atlanta, GA
• Sanders M. and McCormick E., 1993 Human Factors in Engineering and Design
• The older worker Anita Liberalesso Neri 2000, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca Prof. Joel Martins, Universidad Estadual de Campinas
• WHO, 2003, World Health Organization, Protecting Workers' Health Series No. 5, Preventing musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace
• Working through the change: health and safety and the menopause Jane Paul, TUC, UK 2003